独立主格结构

　　独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。

　　独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)

　　这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。

　　例如:

　　Today being Sunday, the library isn\' t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。

　　(原因)改为从句:

　　As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn\' t open.

　　例如:

　　The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。

　　(时间)改为从句:

　　After the signal was given, the bus started.

　　The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。(伴随状语)

　　上文例句中sword in hand是由“名词+介词短语”构成，表示伴随的情况。这种表示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。

　　She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。

　　The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。

　　1、指出下列句子中的独立主格结构:

　　1) My work having been finished, I went home.

　　---My work having been finished

　　2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.

　　---A faraway look in her eyes

　　3) My watch having been lost, I didn\' t know what time it was.

　　---My watch having been lost

　　2、 用独立主格结构改正下列句子:

　　1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.

　　---It being cold, …

　　2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.

　　--- There being no bus, ...

　　3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.

　　--- It getting colder, ...

　　3、 用独立主格结构将括号内的汉语译成英语填空:

　　1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿着一个大苹果).

　　---- (with) a big apple in his hand.

　　2) _____(下课了)，the children ran out of the class room.

　　---The class being over

　　3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子冻得通红).

　　---her nose red with cold

　　By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games. 到2008年9月，北京将举行完了奥运会。